I-oda lesikulufu sokhuni esiyi-hexagonal akufanele likhishwe enombolweni yegeji nobude kuphela. Ngaphambi kokukhiqiza, umthengi nomphakeli badinga ukucaciswa okukodwa okugunyaziwe okulungisa ububanzi besikulufu, isisekelo sobude, ijometri yochungechunge, iphoyinti, ubukhulu bekhanda le-hex, into, isiphetho, indlela yokufaka, i-substrate nobufakazi bokwamukela. Imbobo yokuhlola ingeyokucaciswa kohlelo lokusebenza futhi. Kuceliwe #8 usayizi webhithi lokumba isikulufu sokhuni ayikwazi ukukhethwa ngendlela enokwethenjelwa ngaphandle kokwazi ububanzi bempande obukalwe kwesikulufa kanye nokuminyana nesimo sokhuni. Ukuqandisa lokhu okuhlukile okuxhunyiwe kuvimbela isampula elifakwa ngendlela efanele ekubeni indawo yokukhiqiza ehlukanisa izingodo, ehluba ilunga noma engalingani nomshayeli ohlosiwe.
Qala ngokuhlanganyela, hhayi usayizi wekhathalogi
Umbuzo wokuqala owusizo ukuthi yini isikulufu okumele siyibambe. Ukhuni oluthambile oluqinile, ukhuni oluqinile oluminyene, ukhuni olunomlayini kanye namaphaneli asekelwe ngokhuni awaphenduli ngendlela efanayo emculweni ofanayo kanye nembobo yokuhlola. Ingxenye enamathiselwe nayo ibalulekile. Ubakaki wensimbi ungase udinge imvume ezungeze i-screw shank, kuyilapho ukuhlangana kwepulangwe kuya kwesinye kungase kuncike ekubandakanyekeni kwentambo kulungu eliyinhloko. Ibanga lomphetho, ibanga lokugcina, isiqondiso sokusanhlamvu, isimo somswakama kanye nokufinyelela kwethuluzi lokufaka kungashintsha ukukhetha okungokoqobo.
Le ncazelo yohlelo lokusebenza kufanele ixazululwe ngaphambi kokukhetha phakathi kokubanzi uhla lwezikulufu ozithephayo. Itshela umphakeli ukuthi isicelo sithinta isicelo esijwayelekile sokunamathisela ukhuni, ukuxhunywa kwensimbi nokhuni, umshini obhojwe ngaphambili noma ijoyinti elidinga ukugunyazwa kobunjiniyela obuqondene nephrojekthi. Igama lomkhiqizo alikwazi ukumiselela lowo mehluko.
Ngokuxhunywa kwamapulangwe okuhlelekile noma okubalulekile kokuphepha, idizayini kanjiniyela wephrojekthi kanye nekhodi yendawo esebenzayo ihlala ilawula. Umphakeli angakwazi ukwenza umdwebo okuvunyelwene ngawo futhi anikeze ubufakazi bokuhlola, kodwa umyalelo wokuthenga akufanele usho ukuthi isikulufu sekhathalogi sivunyelwe icala lokulayisha elingakaze lichazwe.
Friza ubunikazi besikulufu ngemibandela elinganisekayo
Ukuqokwa kwegeji kulungile, kodwa akwanele ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe. Umthengi angase abhale “#8,” kuyilapho umdwebo, indlela yokulinganisa noma isimiso sendawo esisetshenziswa umphakeli sichaza ububanzi obuhambisanayo ngendlela ehlukile. Ngakho-ke irekhodi eligunyaziwe kufanele lifake phakathi ukuqokwa nobukhulu obukhomba ingxenye yangempela.
| Inkambu yokucaciswa | Okufanele kulungiswe | Ubufakazi obuwusizo bokwamukela |
| Ububanzi | Izincazelo zegeji yegama kanye nezincazelo ezinkulu okuvunyelwene ngazo, shank kanye nobubanzi bempande | Umdwebo ogunyaziwe nombiko wobukhulu |
| Ubude | Ubude obujwayelekile kanye namaphoyinti okulinganisa aqondile | Umdwebo ngendlela yokuhlola |
| Uchungechunge | Iphimbo, ifomu, ubude bomucu, ukuphela nokuhlanganyela okudingekayo | Isampula, isheke lephrofayili noma irekhodi le-dimensional okuvunyelwene ngayo |
| Khomba | Isitayela sephoyinti nokuthi imbobo yokushayela iyadingeka yini | Isampula eligunyaziwe nesilingo sokufaka |
| Ikhanda le-Hex | I-cross-flats dimension, ukuphakama kwekhanda kanye ne-bearing-face geometry | Umbiko we-Dimensional kanye nesheke lokulingana komshayeli |
| Impahla nokuqeda | Izinto eziyisisekelo, imfuneko yemishini, isistimu yokumboza kanye nemikhawulo yokubukeka | Isitifiketi esishiwo kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwendawo |
| Ukupakisha | Ubuningi bephakethe ngalinye, amalebula, ubunikazi benkatho kanye nokupakisha okuthekelisa | Ukucaciswa kokupakisha okugunyaziwe |
Ubude budinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Uma izinhlangothi ezimbili zikala kusuka ezithenjwa eziyinhloko ezihlukene, incazelo efanayo yegama ingase ikhiqize ukungena okuhlukile okusebenzayo. Ubude obunemicu buphinde buthinte ilunga: ubude obuningi bubonke abunikezi ngokuzenzakalelayo umthamo wokubamba owusizo kakhulu lapho ingxenye yesikulufu idlula ilungu lemvume noma lapho ingxenye ecushiwe idlulela ngale kwelungu eliyinhloko elihlosiwe.
I-ASME B18.6.1 ihlinzeka ngedatha evamile kanye ne-dimensional yezikulufu zezinkuni zochungechunge lwamayintshi aziwayo, kodwa akusho ukuthi lonke uhlobo olusohlwini luyinto yesitoko. Umdwebo wephrojekthi noma imininingwane yokuthenga isadinga ukukhomba ukucushwa okuthengiwe. Ngesikulufu sokhuni esingama-hexagonal esingajwayelekile, umdwebo ogunyaziwe ubaluleke kakhulu ngoba isitayela sekhanda singase singaweli ngaphakathi kwamafomu ajwayelekile anezikhala ezifakiwe noma ahlehlisiwe ambozwe yilelo zinga.
Awekho usayizi webhithi yokubhoboza isikulufu sokhuni jikelele #8
Ishadi le-drill-bit lingaba ireferensi yokuqala, hhayi umyalelo wokukhiqiza. Imbobo yokuhlola yengxenye efakwe imicu kufanele ihlobane nobubanzi bempande yesikulufu, kuyilapho ingxenye yokususa ezungeze i-shank engafundiwe ingase idinge ukulandela ububanzi be-shank. Ukusebenzisa usayizi owodwa wokubhoboza kuwo womabili amalungu kungasusa ukhuni oluningi kakhulu elungeni olubambele noma kudale ukumelana nokushayela okungadingekile kulungu lemvume.
Ukuminyana kwezinkuni kushintsha ibhalansi. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe yi-USDA Forest Products Laboratory luchaza izimbobo zokuhola zezinkuni ezingaba ngu-70% we-thread-root diameter ku-softwoods kanye nama-90% ezinkuni eziqinile zobudlelwane bokuhoxiswa okuxoxwe ngakho ku-Wood Handbook. Umthombo ofanayo uchaza ukuthi, kumajoyinti alayishwe eceleni, ingxenye ye-shank yembobo yomthofu ivamise ukuba kububanzi be-shank noma incane kancane, kuyilapho ingxenye efakwe imicu iseduze nobubanzi bempande ewuchungechunge ezinhlotsheni eziminyene futhi incane kancane ezinhlotsheni ezinobukhulu obuphansi.
Lobo budlelwano buchaza ukuthi kungani idesimali yendawo yonke noma impendulo eyingxenye “yosayizi wokumba isikulufu sokhuni” ingaphephile. Ukukhishwa okulungile kokukhiqiza kufanele kusho ijiyomethri yesikulufu sangempela, izinhlobo zokhuni noma ububanzi bokuminyana, isimo somswakama, isiqondiso sokusanhlamvu kanye nokuthi imbobo ingeyokukhulula noma intambo yokubandakanya. Isilingo esifushane sokufaka ezintweni ezimele singabe sesiqinisekisa itorque yokushayela, ukuhlukana, ukuhlala kanye nokukhumula intambo ngaphambi kokuba i-oda livaliwe.
Ukuxhumana kwentambo kanye nezimo zonqenqema kufanele kubuyekezwe ndawonye
Impatho yokubamba incike ngaphezu kobude obuphelele bezikulufu. Ububanzi bomucu, ukujula kokungena kanye nokuminyana kokhuni kuyasebenzisana. Ukwenyuka kokungena kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokuhoxa phakathi kwebanga elisebenzayo, kodwa akulungisi imbobo yokuhlola enkulukazi, imicu yokhuni eyonakele noma ibanga elinganele ukusuka onqenqemeni. Izingodo eziminyene zingase zinikeze ukwesekwa kwentambo okuqinile ngenkathi futhi zidala ingozi enkulu yokuhlukanisa kanye netorque yokufaka.
Ukugcina okusanhlamvu kudinga ukuqapha. Ukusebenza kungahluka ekufakeni okusanhlamvu okuseceleni, futhi ukwakheka okuhlanganyelwe akufanele kudlulise ukucabangela ukusuka kokunye ukuya kokunye ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa. Uma isikulufu siseduze nokuphela noma unqenqema, umdwebo kufanele ubonise indawo eqondile kanye nesiqondiso sokusanhlamvu. Emikhiqizweni yokhuni yobunjiniyela, isiqondiso somkhiqizi wokubopha singase sibeke imikhawulo eyengeziwe ebaluleke kakhulu kuneshadi lokumba elijwayelekile.
Isilingo esisebenzayo sangaphambi kokukhiqiza sirekhoda i-substrate, ububanzi bembobo yokuhlola nokujula, isivinini somshayeli, isimo sokuhlala nanoma yikuphi ukuhlukana okubonakalayo. Umphumela ubaluleka kakhulu lapho bobabili umthengi nomphakeli begcina isampula yesikulufu esigunyaziwe kanye nokusetha kokuhlola esikhundleni sokugunyaza isithombe kuphela.
Ijiyomethri yekhanda ilawula ukufakwa kwamathuluzi nokuthwala ngaphezulu
Ikhanda le-hex kufanele lilingane nethuluzi lokufaka ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa ngokweqile. Usayizi wamafulethi anqamula, isimo sekhona nokuphakama kwekhanda kuthinta ukusebenzisana kwesokhethi, ikakhulukazi lapho ukufinyelela kukhawulelwe khona noma kusetshenziswa abashayeli abanamandla. Ubuso obuthwele kufanele futhi buhambisane nengxenye enamathiselwe. Indawo encane yokufaka izinto ezithambile ingase ibophele indawo ngaphambi kokuba ilunga lifinyelele kusimo sokubopha okuhlosiwe; iwasha ehlukile noma ikhanda lesitayela se-flange lingadingeka ngomklamo ohlangene.
Lezi zinketho kufanele zibonakale emdwebeni. Amagama anjengokuthi “hex head,” “hex flange” kanye “newasha” awashintsheki. Uma iwasha ihlinzekwa ngokwehlukana, ububanzi bayo bangaphakathi, ububanzi bangaphandle, ukujiya, ubulukhuni nokuqeda kudinga ezabo izincazelo. Uma uthunjiwe noma uhlanganisiwe, umdwebo womhlangano kufanele ulawule isixhumi esibonakalayo.
Impahla nokumboza kuyizinqumo zohlelo lokusebenza
Irekhodi lomkhiqizo we-Wotu's izikulufo zokhuni ezine-hexagonal ibala ukufakwa kwezinki okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumhlophe, izinketho zegeji ukusuka ku-6# ukuya ku-20#, ubude obusuka ku-35 mm kuya ku-250 mm nokusekelwa kwezicelo zobude obungajwayelekile. Lawa amaqiniso omkhiqizo atholakalayo, hhayi esikhundleni sencazelo yephrojekthi. Umthengi usadinga ukukhomba ukuthi iyiphi i-diameter, ubude kanye nesiphetho esifanele indawo yokufaka.
Isevisi eyomile yasendlini, ukuchayeka kwangaphandle kanye nokuxhumana nezingodo ezilashiwe kungabeka izidingo zokugqwala ezihlukene. Igama lokuqedela lilodwa alichazi ukujiya koqweqwe, ubude besikhathi sokuhlola ukugqwala, imikhawulo yokubukeka noma ukuhambisana nokokusebenza okuxhunyiwe. Uma noma yiziphi lezo zici zidingeka, ziyingxenye yencazelo yokuthenga futhi kufanele zisekelwe ukuhlolwa okuvunyelwene ngakho noma idokhumenti yokuhlola.
Izidingo zemishini nazo zidinga isitatimende esihlukile. Isikulufu esiqinile singase sibekezelele ingcindezi ephakeme yokushayela, nokho isimo esibalulekile, ukwakheka kwentambo nokwelashwa kokushisa kungaba nomthelela wokuduka nokuziphatha kokuphuka. Kunokuba ucabangele ukusebenza ngokubukeka, chaza imfuneko esebenzayo yemishini futhi ucele ubufakazi obufanele oda.
Ukugunyazwa kwesampula kufanele kufane nohlelo lokwamukela ukukhiqiza
Isampula lingaqinisekisa ukulingana nokufakwa, kodwa kuphela uma limele ukucaciswa okukhishiwe. Maka isampula ngesibuyekezo somdwebo bese urekhoda izilinganiso ezibalulekile. Uma ukukhiqizwa kamuva kugunyazwa ngokumelene nomdwebo ohlukile, ukunamathela noma ubude bentambo, isampula yasekuqaleni ayisafakazeli ukulingana.
Uhlelo lokuhlola kufanele lusho ukuthi yiziphi izilinganiso ezihloliwe, isisekelo samasampula, indlela yokulinganisa kanye nokwelashwa kokuchezuka. Okwezikulufu zokhuni ezinama-hexagonal, ukuhlola okuwusizo kungase kuhlanganise amadayimitha amakhulu kanye nezimpande, ubude obuphelele kanye nentambo, ubukhulu bekhanda, i-geometry yamaphoyinti, isimo sokumboza nokulingana komshayeli. Amalebula okupakisha kufanele agcine ubunikazi bendawo ukuze irekhodi lokuhlola lilandelelwe emakhathoni alethiwe.
Amaphutha okukhishwa avamile adala izingxabano ezingagwemeka
- Uku-oda ngegeji kanye nobude obuphelele ngaphandle komdwebo wobukhulu obugunyaziwe.
- Ukukopisha inani lembobo yokuhlola ngaphandle kokukhomba ukuminyana kokhuni, ububanzi bempande noma umsebenzi wembobo.
- Ukuvumela ukubukeka kwekhanda ngaphandle kokuhlola isokhethi langempela noma imvume yokufaka.
- Ukusebenzisa igama lokugcina ngaphandle kokuchaza ubufakazi obudingekayo bokunamathela noma indawo yesevisi.
- Ukushintsha ubude bomucu noma ijiyomethri yephoyinti ngemva kokuvunyelwa kwesampula ngaphandle kokubuyekeza irekhodi elilawulwayo.
- Ukuqhathanisa izingcaphuno ezisebenzisa ukupakishwa okuhlukene, ukuhlola noma ukuqoshwa kwemibhalo.
Iphutha ngalinye liqala njengegebe lolwazi. Uma ukukhiqizwa sekuqalile, kuba yizindleko, ishejuli noma inkinga yokwamukela. Isixazululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu iphakethe elifushane kodwa eliphelele lokukhululwa okwabelwana ngalo ngokuthenga, ubunjiniyela, ikhwalithi kanye nomphakeli.
Imibuzo abathengi abavame ukuyibuza ngaphambi kokugunyaza isikulufu sokhuni
Ingabe #8 isikulufu sokhuni kufanele sisebenzise usayizi owodwa ongaguquki we-drill-bit?
Cha. Imbobo yokuhlola kufanele ikhethwe kumpande okaliwe wesikulufu namadayimitha e-shank, ukuminyana kokhuni nesimo somswakama, nokuthi imbobo inikeza imvume noma ukubandakanyeka kwentambo. Qinisekisa umphumela kokubalulekile kommeleli.
Ingabe ubude besikulufa banele ukuchaza ukungena?
Cha. Umdwebo kufanele ubonise ukuthi ubude bukalwa kanjani, ukujiya kwelungu elinamathiselwe, ubude obufakwe imicu kanye nokungena okuhlosiwe kulungu eliyinhloko. Lawa magugu anquma ukuthi ingakanani intambo ehlanganisa izinkuni.
Ingabe isampula eligunyaziwe lingangena esikhundleni somdwebo?
Isampula libalulekile ekulinganeni nasekufakweni, kodwa kunzima ukulisebenzisa njengegunya elilodwa lokukhiqiza nokuhlola. Umdwebo ogunyaziwe onesilawuli sokubuyekeza wenza ukwamukelwa kobukhulu kanye nokuphinda ama-oda kuthembeke kakhulu.
Abathengi kufanele bacele nini isilingo sokufaka?
Isilingo sifanelekile lapho uhlobo lwezinkuni, ukuminyana, umswakama, ibanga lomkhawulo, ukuphela noma izimo zomshayeli zihluka kuma-oda wangaphambilini, noma lapho ukuhlukaniswa, ukukhumula nokuhlala kuyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokwamukela.
Yakha i-RFQ eduze kwephakheji elilodwa lokukhishwa elilawulwayo
Ukuze uthole ikhotheshini efanayo, thumela incazelo yohlelo lokusebenza, umdwebo ngezikulufu, igeji nobude obuceliwe, ulwazi lokhuni noma lwephaneli, ipulani yembobo yokushayela, izidingo zekhanda nomshayeli, impahla kanye nesiphetho, ubuningi, ukupakisha kanye nezidingo zokuhlola. Cela umphakeli ukuthi abuyisele ubukhulu obunikeziwe, ukuchezuka okumenyezelwe, ububanzi bedokhumenti kanye nohlelo lwesampula kunokuqinisekisa igama lomkhiqizo kuphela.
I-Wotu isekela ukukhethwa kosayizi ojwayelekile kanye nezicelo zobude obungezona obujwayelekile phakathi kwebanga lomkhiqizo elichazwe ngenhla. Thumela ukucaciswa okulawulwayo nge- ifomu lokubuza iphrojekthi ye-fastener. Uma ububanzi bezobuchwepheshe nobufakazi bokwamukela sebuqondaniswe, intengo nesikhathi sokuhola singaqhathaniswa ngesisekelo esifanayo.
